Semester 3

1.Logic and Discrete Mathematics

UNIT 1-Set Theory:

Fundamentals - Sets and subsets, Venn Diagrams, Operations on sets,Laws of Set Theory, Power Sets and Products, Partition of sets, The principle of Inclusion-Exclusion.Logic-Propositions and Logical operations, Truth tables, Equivalence, Implications,Laws of Logic, Normal forms, Predicates and quantifiers, Mathematical Induction.

UNIT 2-Relations, diagraphs and lattices:

Product sets and partitions, relations and digraphs, paths in relations and digraphs, properties of relations, equivalence and partially ordered relations, computer representation of relations and digraphs,manipulation of relations, Transitive closure and Warshall’s algorithm, Posets and Hasse Diagrams, Lattice.

UNIT 3-Functions and Pigeon Hole Principle:

Definitions and types of functions-injective, surjective and bijective, Composition, identity and inverse, Pigeon hole principle.

UNIT 4-Graphs and Trees:

Graphs, Euler paths and circuits, Hamiltonian paths and circuits,Planer graphs, coloring graphs, Isomorphism of Graphs.Trees-Trees, rooted trees and path length in rooted trees, Spanning tree and Minimal Spanning tree, Isomorphism of trees, Weighted trees and Prefix Codes.

UNIT 5-Algebraic Structures:

Algebraic structures with one binary operation – semi groups, monoids and groups, Product and quotient of algebraic structures, Isomorphism,homomorphism, automorphism, Cyclic groups, Normal sub group, codes and group codes, Algebraic structures with two binary operations – rings, integral domains and
fields. Ring homomorphism and Isomorphism.

UNIT 6-Generating Functions and Recurrence relations:

Series and Sequences,Generating Functions, Recurrence relations, Applications, Solving difference
equations, Fibonacci.

2.Computer Graphics

UNIT 1-Introduction Computer Graphics and Primitive Algorithms:

Introduction to Image and Objects, Image Representation, Basic Graphics Pipeline, Bitmap and Vector-
Based Graphics, Applications of Computer Graphics, Display Devices, Cathode Ray Tubes, Raster-Scan Display, Random-Scan Display, Flat Panel Display, Input Technology, Coordinate System Overview,
Scan-Conversion of graphics primitives: Scan-Conversion of a Lines (Digital Differential Analyzer Algorithm, Bresenham’s Line-Drawing Algorithm, Scan-Conversion of Circle and Ellipse (Bresenham’s Method of Circle Drawing, Midpoint Circle Algorithm), Drawing Ellipses and Other Conics.

UNIT 2-Two Dimensional Transformation:

Introduction to transformations, Transformation Matrix, Types of Transformations in Two-Dimensional Graphics: Identity Transformation, Scaling, Reflection, Shear Transformations, Rotation, Translation,
Rotation about an Arbitrary Point, Combined Transformation, Homogeneous Coordinates, 2D Transformations using Homogeneous Coordinates.

UNIT 3-Three-dimensional transformations, Objects in Homogeneous Coordinates

Three-Dimensional Transformations---Scaling, Translation, Rotation, Shear Transformations,Reflection, World Coordinates and Viewing Coordinates, Projection, Parallel Projection, Perspective Projection.

UNIT 4-Viewing and Solid Area Scan-Conversion:

Introduction to viewing and clipping, Viewing Transformation in Two Dimensions, Introduction to Clipping, Two-Dimensional Clipping, Point Clipping, Line Clipping, Introduction to a Polygon Clipping, Viewing and Clipping in Three Dimensions, Three-Dimensional Viewing Transformations, Text Clipping
Introduction to Solid Area Scan-Conversion, Inside–Outside Test, Winding Number Method and Coherence Property, Polygon Filling, Seed Fill Algorithm, ScanLine Algorithm, Priority Algorithm, Scan Conversion of Character, Aliasing, Anti-Aliasing, Halftoning, Thresholding and Dithering.

UNIT 5-Introduction to curves:

Curve Continuity, Conic Curves, Piecewise Curve Design,Parametric Curve Design, Spline Curve Representation, Bezier Curves, B-Spline Curves, Fractals and its applications.
Surface Design-Bilinear Surfaces, Ruled Surfaces, Developable Surfaces, Coons Patch, Sweep Surfaces, Surface of Revolution, Quadric Surfaces, Constructive Solid Geometry, Bezier Surfaces, B-Spline Surfaces, Subdivision Surfaces Visible Surfaces-Introduction to visible and hidden surfaces, Coherence for visibility,
Extents and Bounding Volumes, Back Face Culling, Painter’s Algorithm, Z-Buffer Algorithm, Floating Horizon Algorithm, Roberts Algorithm.

UNIT 6-Object Rendering:

Introduction Object-Rendering, Light Modeling Techniques,Illumination Model, Shading, Flat Shading, Polygon Mesh Shading, Gaurand Shading Model, Phong Shading, Transparency Effect, Shadows, Texture and Object Representation, Ray Tracing, Ray Casting, Radiosity, Color Models.
Introduction to animation, Key-Frame Animation, Construction of an Animation Sequence, Motion Control Methods, Procedural Animation, Key-Frame Animation vs.Procedural Animation, Introduction to Morphing, Three-Dimensional Morphing.

3.Advanced SQL

UNIT 1-Structured Query Language:

Writing Basic SQL Select Statements, Restricting and Sorting Data, Single-Row Functions, Joins (Displaying Data from Multiple Tables),Aggregating Data using Group Functions, Subqueries, Manipulating Data, Creating and Managing Tables, Including Constraints, Creating Views, Creating Other Database
Objects(Sequences, Indexes and Synonyms).

UNIT 2-Advanced SQL:

Controlling User Access, Using SET operators, DateTime Functions, Enhancements to Group by clause(cube, Rollup and Grouping),Advanced Subqueries (Multiple column subqueries, Subqueries in FROM clause, Scalar and correlated subqueries), WITH Clause, Hierarchical retrieval.

UNIT 3-PLSQL:

Introduction, Overview and benefits of PL/SQL, Subprograms, types of PL/SQL blocks, Simple Anonymous Block, Identifiers, types of Identifiers, Declarative Section, variables, Scalar Data Types, The %TYPE Attribute, Bind Variables, Sequences in PL/SQL Expressions, Executable Statements, PL/SQL Block Syntax, Comment the Code, Deployment of SQL Functions in PL/SQL, Convert Data Types,
Nested Blocks, Operators. Interaction with the Oracle Server, Invoke SELECT Statements in PL/SQL, SQL Cursor concept, Data Manipulation in the Server using PL/SQL, SQL Cursor Attributes to Obtain Feedback on DML, Save and Discard Transactions.

UNIT 4-Control Structures:

Conditional processing using IF Statements and CASE Statements, Loop Statement, While Loop Statement, For Loop Statement, the Continue Statement, Composite Data Types: PL/SQL Records, The %ROWTYPE Attribute, Insert and Update with PL/SQL Records, INDEX BY Tables, INDEX BY
Table Methods, Use INDEX BY Table of Records, Explicit Cursors, Declare the Cursor, Open the Cursor, Fetch data from the Cursor, Close the Cursor, Cursor FOR loop, The %NOTFOUND and %ROWCOUNT Attributes, the FOR UPDATE Clause and WHERE CURRENT Clause, Exception Handling, Handle Exceptions with PL/SQL, Trap Predefined and non-predefined Oracle Server Errors, User-Defined Exceptions, Propagate Exceptions, RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR Procedure.

UNIT 5-Stored Procedures:

Create a Modularized and Layered Subprogram Design, the PL/SQL Execution Environment, differences between Anonymous Blocks and Subprograms, Create, Call, and Remove Stored Procedures, Implement Procedures Parameters and Parameters Modes, View Procedure Information, Stored Functions
and Debugging Subprograms, Create, Call, and Remove a Stored Function, advantages of using Stored Functions, the steps to create a stored function, Invoke User-Defined Functions in SQL Statements, Restrictions when calling Functions, Control side effects when calling Functions, View Functions Information, debug Functions and Procedures, Packages, advantages of Packages, components of a
Package, Develop a Package, enable visibility of a Package’s Components, Create the Package Specification and Body using the SQL CREATE Statement and SQL Developer, Invoke the Package Constructs, View the PL/SQL Source Code using the Data Dictionary, Deploying Packages, Overloading Subprograms in PL/SQL, Use the STANDARD Package, Use Forward Declarations, Implement Package Functions in SQL and Restrictions, Persistent State of Packages, Persistent State of a Package Cursor, Control side effects of PL/SQL Subprograms, Invoke PL/SQL Tables of Records in Packages.

UNIT 6-Dynamic SQL:

The Execution Flow of SQL, Declare Cursor Variables, Dynamically Executing a PL/SQL Block, Configure Native Dynamic SQL to Compile PL/SQL Code, invoke DBMS_SQL Package, Implement DBMS_SQL with a Parameterized DML Statement, Dynamic SQL Functional Completeness, Triggers, the Trigger
Event Types and Body, Business Application Scenarios for Implementing Triggers, Create DML Triggers using the CREATE TRIGGER Statement and SQL Developer, Identify the Trigger Event Types, Body, and Firing (Timing), Statement Level Triggers and Row Level Triggers, Create Instead of and Disabled Triggers, Manage, Test and Remove Triggers. Creating Compound, DDL and Event Database Triggers,
Compound Trigger Structure for Tables and Views, Compound Trigger to Resolve the Mutating Table Error, Comparison of Database Triggers and Stored Procedures, Create Triggers on DDL Statements, Create Database-Event and System-Events Triggers, System Privileges Required to Manage Triggers.

4.Object Oriented Programming with C++

UNIT 1-Introduction to OOPs:

Need object oriented programming, comparison of procedural and object oriented approach, characteristics of OOPs – object , classes , polymorphism, inheritance, reusability, data hiding and abstraction, applications of  OOPs.

UNIT 2-Classes and Objects:

Class declaration, constructors, constructor initialization lists,access functions, private member functions, the copy constructor, the class destructor,constant objects, structures, pointers to objects, static data members, static function members.

UNIT 3-Operator Overloading:

Overloading the assignment operator, the this pointer,overloading arithmetic operators, overloading the arithmetic assignment, operators,overloading the relational operators ,overloading the stream operators, conversion operators ,overloading the increment and decrement operators, overloading the
subscript operator.

UNIT 4-Composition and Inheritance:

inheritance, protected class members , overriding and dominating inherited members, private access verses protected access, virtual functions and polymorphism, virtual destructors, abstract base classes
File Handling: Classes for file stream operations, opening and closing a file, detecting end of file, file modes, file pointers and their manipulations, sequential input and output operations, random access, file operations error handling, command line argument.

UNIT 5-Strings and Streams:

the string class interface, the constructors and destructor , the copy constructor, the assignment operator, the addition operator , an append operator, access functions , the comparison operators, stream operators,stream classes, the ios class, ios format flags, ios state , variables ,the istream and ostream classes, unformatted input functions , unformatted output functions, stream manipulators.

UNIT 6-Templates and Iterators:

function templates, class templates, container classes, subclass templates, passing template classes to template parameters, iterator classes Libraries-the standard C++ library, proprietary libraries, contents of the standard c headers, string streams, file processing, the standard template library.

5.Modern Operating Systems

UNIT 1-Introduction to Operating Systems:

OS and Computer System, System performance, Classes of OS, Batch processing, time-sharing, multiprocessing, real time, distributed and modern operating systems, Desktop Systems, Handheld
Systems, Clustered Systems, Assemblers, Compilers and Interpreters, Linkers.

UNIT 2-Operating-System Structures:

Operating-System Services, User Operating-System Interface, System Calls, Types of System Calls, System Programs, Operating- System Design and Implementation, Operating-System Structure, Virtual Machines,Operating-System Generation, System Boot.

UNIT 3-Processes and Process Synchronization:

Process Concept, Process Scheduling, Scheduling Criteria, Scheduling Algorithms, Operations on Processes, Interprocess Communication, Multithreading Models, Threading Issues, Thread Scheduling,
Communication in Client–Server Systems, The Critical-Section Problem, Peterson’s Solution, Semaphores.

UNIT 4-Memory Management:

Memory management without swapping or paging; Swapping, Virtual Memory, Page replacement algorithms, Modeling paging algorithms, Design issues for paging systems, segmentation.

UNIT 5-File-System Interface and Implementation:

File Concept, File-System Mounting, Free-SpaceManagement, File Sharing, NFS. Mass-Storage Structure: Disk Structure, Disk Management, Swap-Space Management, RAID Structure, Stable-Storage Implementation. Deadlocks , Deadlock detection and recovery, avoidance and prevention.

UNIT 6- I/O Systems:

Application I/O Interface, Transforming I/O Requests to Hardware Operations, STREAMS, Performance.
Protection and Security-Principles of Protection, Domain of Protection, Access Matrix, Access Control, Capability-Based Systems, Language-Based Protection, The Security Problem, System and Network Threats, Implementing Security Defenses.