Semester 4

1.Software Engineering

UNIT 1-An Introduction

To Software, Software Engineering, Software Process, Software Engineering Methods; CASE Tools, Attributes of good software. Socio-technical system -Essential characteristics of socio technical systems, Emergent System Properties, Systems Engineering, Components of system such as organization,people and computers, Dealing Legacy Systems. Critical system - Types of critical system, A simple safety critical system, Dependability of a system, Availability and Reliability, Safety and Security of Software systems.

UNIT 2-Software processes

Fundamental activities of software process, Different software process models, Process Iteration and Activities, The Rational Unified Process, CASE in detail. Project Management : Software Project Management, Management activities, Project Planning, Project Scheduling, Risk Management. Software
Requirements: Functional and Non-functional requirements, User Requirements, System Requirements, Interface Specification, Documentation of the software requirements.

UNIT 3-Requirements Engineering Processes

Feasibility study, Requirements elicitation and anlaysis, Requirements Validations, Requirements Management. System Models : Models and its types, Context Models, Behavioural Models, Data Models,
Object Models, Structured Methods. Architectural Design : Architectural Design Decisions, System Organisation, Modular Decomposition Styles, Control Styles, Reference Architectures.

UNIT 4-Application Architectures

Data Processing Systems, Transaction Processing Systems, Event Processing Systems, Language Processing Systems Object Oriented Design : Objects and Object Classes, An object Oriented Design Process, Design Evolution User Interface Design : Need of UI design, Design issues, The UI design Process, User analysis, User Interface Prototyping, Interface Evaluation Rapid Software Development : Agile Methods, Extreme Programming, Rapid Application Development, Software Prototyping.

UNIT 5-Component based Software Engineering

Components and Component models, The CBSE Process, Component Composition. Verification and Validation -Planning Verification and Validation, Software Inspections, Automated Static Analysis, Verification and Formal Methods. Software Testing -System Testing, Component Testing, Test Case Design, Test Automation. Software Cost Estimation - Software Productivity, Estimation Techniques, Algorithmic Cost Modeling, Project Duration and Staffing.

UNIT 6-Quality Management

Process and Product Quality, Quality assurance and Standards, Quality Planning, Quality Control, Software Measurement and Metrics Process Improvement : Process and product quality, Process Classification,
Process Measurement, Process Analysis and Modeling, Process Change, The CMMI Process Improvement Framework. Security Engineering : Security Concepts, Security Risk Management, Design for Security, System Survivability. Service Oriented Software Engineering -Services as reusable components, Service
Engineering, Software Development with Services.

2.Multimedia

UNIT 1-Introduction

What is multimedia? Defining the scope of multimedia. Applications of multimedia, hardware and software requirements, multimedia database.

UNIT 2-Digital representation

Introduction, Analog representation, waves, digital representation, need for digital representation, A to D conversion, D to A conversion, relation between sampling rate and bit depth, Quantization error, Fourier
representation, pulse modulation. Importance and drawback of digital representation.

UNIT 3-Text and Image

Introduction, Types of text, Font, insertion, compression,File formats. Types of images, colour models, Basic steps for image processing, principle and working of scanner and digital camera, Gamma and gamma correction.

UNIT 4-Audio and Video technology

Fundamental characteristics of sound,psychoacoustics, Raster scanning principles, sensors for TV cameras, color fundamentals, additive and subtractive color mixing, Liquid crystal display (LCD), Plasma Display
Panel (PDP), file formats.

UNIT 5-Compression and coding

What is compression? Need for compression, Types of compression- basic compression techniques-run length, Huffman’s coding, JPEG, zip coding. Overview of Image and Video compression techniques.

UNIT 6-Multimedia presentation and authoring

Overview, multimedia authoring metaphor, multimedia production, presentation and automatic authoring, Design paradigms and user interface, overview of tools like adobe premier, director, flash and dreamweaver. Barriers to wide spread use.

3.Java and Data Structures

UNIT 1-Core Java

Features of Java, JVM, Data Types, Variables, and Arrays, Operators, Control Statements, type-casting, Classes, Objects and Methods, Constructor, method overriding, finalize methods.

UNIT 2-Derived concepts

Inheritance, Packages and Interfaces, Exception Handling, String handling, Multithreaded Programming.

UNIT 3-The Java I/O Classes and Interfaces

File, Directories, Using FilenameFilter, The listFiles( ) Alternative, Creating Directories, The Stream Classes, The Byte Streams, InputStream, OutputStream, FileInputStream, FileOutputStream, ByteArrayInputStream, ByteArrayOutputStream, Filtered Byte Streams, Buffered Byte Streams, SequenceInputStream, PrintStream, RandomAccessFile, The Character Streams, Reader, Writer, FileReader , FileWriter, CharArrayReader, CharArrayWriter, BufferedReader, BufferedWriter, PushbackReader, PrintWriter.

UNIT 4-Data Structures

Complexity and analysis of algorithms – algorithm, time and space complexity, asymptotic notations, Types of data structures, Arrays - Properties of Arrays, Duplicating an Array, sequential search algorithm, binary search algorithm, Stacks- Stack Operations, indexed Implementation, Linked Implementation, , Applications - recursion, Queue - Queue Operations, indexed Implementation,Applications, Circular Queue – insertion , deletion.

UNIT 5-Linked Lists – representation of linked list, traversing, searching, insertion, deletion and doubly linked list.Hash table methods – hashing functions , collision-resolution techniques Trees- Binary Trees, traversing binary tree, traversing algorithm using stacks, header nodes, threads, binary search trees ( insertion and deletion), AVL trees , B trees.

UNIT 6-Heaps – insertion and deletion Sorting – selection, bubble, merge, tree , radix , insertion

Graphs – graph theory, sequential representation, adjacency matrix, path matrix, Warshall’s algorithm, linked representations, operations, traversing.

4.Quantitative Techniques

UNIT 1- Errors, Solutions of Algebraic and Transcendental Equations using -Bisection Method, the Method of False Position, Newton-Raphson Method. Interpolation: Interpolation: - Forward Difference, Backward Difference,Newton’s Forward Difference Interpolation, Newton’s Backward Difference Interpolation, Lagrange’s Interpolation.

UNIT 2-Solution of simultaneous algebraic equations (linear) using iterative methods: Gauss-Jordan Method, Gauss-Seidel Method. Numerical Integration: Trapezoidal Rule, Simpson’s 1/3 rd and 3/8 th rules. Numerical solution of 1st and 2nd order differential equations: - Taylor series, Euler’s Method, Modified Euler’s Method, Runge-Kutta Method for 1st and 2nd Order Differential Equations.

UNIT 3- Random variables Discrete and Continuous random variables, Probability density function, Probability distribution of random variables, Expected value, Variance. Moments and moment generating functions: Relation between Raw moments and Central moments. Distributions: Binomial, Poisson, Normal, exponential, uniform distributions for detailed study, Central Limit theorem (statement only) and problems
based on this theorem.

UNIT 4-Fitting of curves

Least square method, Fitting the straight line and parabolic curve, Correlation, Covariance, Karl Pearson’s coefficient and Spearman’ s Rank, correlation coefficient, Regression coefficients and lines of regression.

UNIT 5-Sampling distribution

Test of Hypothesis, Level of Significance, Critical Region, One Tailed and Two Tailed Test, Interval Estimation of Population Parameters, Test of Significance for large Samples and small Samples, Student’s ‘t’ Distribution and its properties.

UNIT 6-Chi-Square Distribution and its properties

Test of the Goodness of Fit and Independence of Attributes, Contingency Table, Yates Correction
Mathematical Programming Linear optimization problem, Formulation and Graphical solution, Basic solution and Feasible solution, Primal Simplex Method.

5.Embedded Systems

UNIT 1-Introduction

Embedded Systems and general purpose computer systems, history , classifications, applications and purpose of embedded systems Core of embedded systems microprocessors and microcontrollers, RISC and CISC controllers, Big endian and Little endian processors, Application specific ICs,Programmable logic devices, COTS, sensors and actuators, communication interface, embedded firmware, other system components, PCB and passive components.

UNIT 2-Characteristics and quality attributes of embedded systems: characteristics,

Operational and non-operational quality attributes, application specific embedded system – washing machine, domain specific - automotive.

UNIT 3-Programming embedded systems

structure of embedded program, infinite loop, compiling , linking and locating, downloading and debugging.

UNIT 4-Embedded Hardware

Memory map, i/o map, interrupt map, processor family, external peripherals, memory – RAM , ROM, types of RAM and ROM, memory testing, CRC ,Flash memory.

UNIT 5- Peripherals

Control and Status Registers, Device Driver, Timer Driver- Watchdog Timers, Embedded Operating System, Real-Time Characteristics, Selection Process.

UNIT 6-Design and Development

embedded system development environment – IDE, types of file generated on cross compilation, disassembler/ decompiler, simulator , emulator and debugging , embedded product development life-cycle, trends in embedded industry.